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Manuel DeLanda (born 1952) is a Mexican-American writer, artist and philosopher who has lived in New York since 1975. He is a lecturer in architecture at the Princeton University School of Architecture and the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, where he teaches courses on the philosophy of urban history and the dynamics of cities as historical actors with an emphasis on the importance of self-organization and material culture in the understanding of a city. DeLanda also teaches architectural theory as an adjunct professor of architecture and urban design at the Pratt Institute and serves as the Gilles Deleuze Chair and Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School.^[3][4][5][6] He holds a BFA from the School of Visual Arts (1979) and a PhD in media and communication from the European Graduate School (2010).

DeLanda was previously a visiting professor at the University of Southern California School of Architecture, where he taught an intensive two-week course in the spring 2012 term on self-organization and urbanity; adjunct associate professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation from 1995 to 2006; and adjunct professor at Cooper Union's Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Films[edit]

After moving to New York, DeLanda created several experimental films between 1975 and 1982, some as part of an undergraduate coursework at the School of Visual Arts. While at SVA, DeLanda studied under video artist Joan Braderman; they were subsequently married in 1980 and collaborated on several works (including Braderman's Joan Does Dynasty [1986], DeLanda's Raw Nerves [1980] and Ismism [1979]) before divorcing at an indeterminate point.

Influenced by the No Wave movement, DeLanda's Super 8 and 16mm films also served as methodical, theory-based approaches to the form.^[11] He pulled them from circulation after the original negatives were lost; in 2011, Anthology Film Archives restored and reissued them.

Cited by filmmaker Nick Zedd in his Cinema of Transgression Manifesto, DeLanda associated with many of the experimental filmmakers of this New York based-movement. In 2010, he appeared in Céline Danhier's retrospective documentary Blank City.^[12] Much of his oeuvre was inspired by his nascent interest in continental philosophy and critical theory; one of his best known films is Raw Nerves: A Lacanian Thriller Tascam 424 mkiii service manual. (1980).

Having moved on to the nondeterministic synthesis of Baudrillardian and Deleuzian theory, command and control techniques, and materialistic concerns of complex systems and artificial life (including cellular automata) that would comprise 'Policing the Spectrum' (1986) and War in the Age of Intelligent Machines (1992), DeLanda had largely eschewed by the mid-1980s his interests in 'post-Freudian ideas of the unconscious.. as well as any interest in film theory.'^[11]

Philosophical work[edit]

DeLanda's notable works include War in the Age of Intelligent Machines (1991), A Thousand Years of Nonlinear History (1997), Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy (2002) and A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity (2006). He has published many articles and essays and lectured extensively in Europe and in the United States. His work focuses on the theories of the French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari on one hand,^[11] and modern science, self-organizing matter, artificial life and intelligence, economics, architecture, chaos theory, history of science, nonlinear dynamics, cellular automata on the other. His 2015 book Philosophical Chemistry: Genealogy of a Scientific Field furthers his intervention in the philosophy of science and science studies.

Books[edit]

• War in the Age of Intelligent Machines. Zone Books. 1991. ISBN9780942299755.
• A Thousand Years of Nonlinear History. Zone Books. 1997. ISBN9780942299328. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy. Bloomsbury Academic. 2002. ISBN9781780937991. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory And Social Complexity. Bloomsbury Academic. 2006. ISBN9780826491695.
• Deleuze: History and Science. Atropos Press. 2010. ISBN9780982706718. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• Philosophy & Simulation: The Emergence of Synthetic Reason. Bloomsbury Academic. 2011. ISBN9781474252843. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• Philosophical Chemistry: Genealogy of a Scientific Field. Bloomsbury Academic. 2015. ISBN9781472591838. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• Assemblage Theory. Edinburgh University Press. 2016. ISBN9781474413633. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
• The Rise of Realism. Wiley. 2017. ISBN9781509519026. Retrieved October 12, 2018.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Bryant, Levi; Harman, Graham; Srnicek, Nick (2011). The Speculative Turn: Continental Materialism and Realism. Melbourne, Australia: re.press. p. 381. ISBN978-0-9806683-4-6.
2. ^Dolphijn, Rick; Tuin, Iris van der (1 January 2013). 'New Materialism: Interviews & Cartographies'.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
3. ^http://egs.edu/faculty/manuel-de-landa
4. ^'Pratt Institute'. Pratt.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
5. ^Manuel De Landa. 'Graduate Architecture PennDesign'. Design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
6. ^https://soa.princeton.edu/content/manuel-delanda
7. ^Posted By: Delanda. 'Manuel DeLanda Princeton University School of Architecture'. Soa.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
8. ^'Manuel De Landa Lecture Series'. PARAsite - parametric and algorithmic research in architecture. University of Southern California. 2013-04-06. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
9. ^'Pratt Institute'. Pratt.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
10. ^''SIMULATIONS IN MUSIC:' An Open Lecture by Manuel De Landa (Feb 9th, 2012)'. Department of Music. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
11. ^ ^abcEd Halter: 'Abstract Machines. Nonlinear dynamics and the films of Manuel DeLanda', Museum of the Moving Image, March 4, 2011
12. ^Blank City (2010) on IMDb

External links[edit]

• Manuel DeLanda on IMDb
• Other interview by Paul Miller (28 May 2000)
• Interview 1000 Years of War. Ctheory (1 May 2003)
• 'Markets and antimarkets in the world economy' by DeLanda (26 June 1998)

(FORTUNE Magazine) – Just like computers, people can be programmed to think the way experts do. Lev Landa, a Soviet emigre, is trying to show American business how to turn novice office workers into experts in days or even hours. He does it by duplicating the mental processes of an expert in the form of an easy-to-follow decision tree, or algorithm (see example), that leads a novice through a task step by step. In effect, he creates a computer program to be run not on a machine but by the human brain. After pushing American business to try his methods for nearly a decade, Landa, 59, a bearded psychologist with a bass voice and a huge grin, is winning converts. Clients such as AT&T, Citicorp, Du Pont, Hartford Insurance, MCI, and Procter & Gamble have been appraising his ideas. Landa has found that an expert can describe only 30% to 35% of what he does. That's the bit that appears, for example, in training manuals and income tax instructions, which is why they are so often muddled. The novice has to learn the unexplained remainder by trial and error, which can take a long time. One of Landa's favorite seminar tricks is to ask people to pretend they are writing instructions telling a foreigner how to use an American public telephone. Although his listeners are all clearly proficient at the task, they invariably leave out such key steps as listening for the dial tone -- illustrating Landa's point that experts are not aware of much of what they do. He discovered this human failing as a high school student in Leningrad when he became frustrated by his teachers' inability to explain their thought processes. While working for his Ph.D. in psychology in Moscow, he began developing ways to uncover mental processes and break them down into simple steps that can be diagrammed. He tested his methods on geometry students and then at the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences in Moscow. Landa's son, a political activist, left the Soviet Union in 1975. Landa and his wife, a psychotherapist, followed the next year and eventually settled in , New York City. He made business his target because he observed that companies seem unable to write clear manuals for training vast numbers of people to do routine tasks. His company, Landamatics International, consists of himself, a part-time secretary, and offices in a run-down building in Queens. Clients have included the Dutch internal revenue service, which since 1984 has used a Landa-designed algorithm in place of a typically maddening tax form, roughly the equivalent of the U.S. W-4, for determining the proper number of exemptions for withholding purposes. The Dutch Ministry of Finance pronounces the results 'a great success.' Landa says Dutchmen make half as many mistakes on the new form and fill it out faster. Starnet, a San Diego long-distance telephone company, called Landa in because its billing analysts were making costly mistakes. Every month Starnet gets a pile of computer readouts about 17 feet high with bills from AT&T and other long-distance carriers. Even after three months' training, novices were making mistakes on about 40% of the bills -- for example, calculating a charge by using the rate for the wrong time period. After studying minutely all the decisions a Starnet clerk had to make, Landa drew up detailed algorithms that take a novice through each step to the correct answers. Although the whole process is complicated, involving dozens of decisions, at each point the clerk has to make just one simple, clear choice. Training time for new clerks dropped from three months to 15 hours, and the proportion of mishandled bills sank to 5%. Starnet's savings in 1986 amounted to $312,000. On a recent assignment at a major bank's credit card operation, Landa found only 20% of the employees working at what bank managers considered an expert level after nine months' training. Once he designed some algorithms, Landa says, novices could handle cases nearly twice as fast as workers using the old manuals, and did so without mistakes. While Landa's clients tend to be pleased, some find his claims a little overblown, and they point out that algorithms don't come cheap. It takes Landa ten to 25 days, at $1,500 a day, to create a human expert system. Also, his decision trees don't suit every company; they're most useful for training a lot of people to do a few jobs repeatedly. But in the right circumstances, says a client, 'the results are astonishing.'

CHART: TEXT NOT AVAILABLE CREDIT: NO CREDIT CAPTION: What to Do in Case of a Billing Error The murky legalese that comes with a Visa card bill prompted Landa to devise a decision tree that would help people correct mistakes. This is an adaptation of the first page. DESCRIPTION: Decision-tree for consumers with credit-card errors.